About Cap-Stun®

In this section you will find general information about Cap-Stun products.

Background

What Does CAP-STUN Do For Law Enforcement and Military?

CAP-STUN in U.S. Department of Defense

CAP-STUN in U.S. Law Enforcement

CAP-STUN International Markets

CAP-STUN in Commercial Security

CAP-STUN’s Dependable Aerosol Delivery System CAP-STUN's Cone Spray

Patterns
Actuator and Trigger Characteristics

Expert, Sophisticated Manufacturing

CAP-STUN’s INGREDIENTS ARE SAFE!

CAP-STUN's Easy Decontamination

CAP-STUN's Unique Performance on REMS

When to Replace Your CAP-STUN Product

Provost Marshals

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What Does Cap-Stun® Do For Law Enforcement and Military?

CAP-STUN’s unique formulation and unmatched performance record have been invaluable assets to law enforcement and military. Many incidents that previously led to violence are preventable by the use of CAP-STUN, with a resulting decrease in injuries to subjects and officers and a reduction in civil litigation.

The most common law enforcement tools, the nightstick and the gun, may be either too weak or too strong for many situations.

This has become much clearer because of recent events, including the well-known case in Los Angeles during which a subject was beaten after failing to respond to a high voltage electric weapon and numerous baton blows. This incident was followed by rioting throughout the U.S., causing damage in the hundreds of millions of dollars, as well as needless injuries and human suffering. Yet many experts believe that the use of CAP-STUN could have prevented this unfortunate incident!

Law Enforcement and Military departments have come to rely on CAP-STUN’s unique advantages:

  • CAP-STUN provides a high probability of instantaneous control over highly aggressive, violent or emotionally disturbed subjects.
  • CAP-STUN impacts those under the influence of narcotics or alcohol.
  • CAP-STUN supplies effective reaction to barricade situations.
  • CAP-STUN responds effectively to crowd control situations, where officers may want to disperse or subdue a mob.
  • CAP-STUN effectively restrains and controls single or multiple subjects.
  • CAP-STUN minimizes physical contact, reducing injury and other risks for both officers and subjects.
  • CAP-STUN effectively reduces or eliminates the need to escalate to physical, intermediate or lethal force.
  • CAP-STUN reduces incidents of law enforcement officers being shot with their own weapons.

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CAP-STUN® in U.S. Department of Defense

  • Protection of Military Personnel and Installations
  • Immediate Control of Offenders by Military and Security Police.C
  • Complies with AR 190-14, Use of Force
  • Used in Panama, Somalia, Rwanda, Haiti and GTMO.

ZARC® currently markets CAP-STUN under various National Stock Numbers (examples: NSN 1365014073182 and 1365014076548).

The US military has used CAP-STUN® in several of its highly publicized peacekeeping missions including Rwanda and Guantanamo Bay. Military police from the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division and 82nd Airborne Division as well as the U.S. Marine Corps 1st Marine Expeditionary Force have also used CAP-STUN® during operations in Haiti and Somalia.

In 1995, CAP-STUN® was adopted by military police units throughout DOD. The Air Force has made CAP-STUN® standard issue for its security police and Office of Special Investigations.

The Navy utilizes CAP-STUN® for its Shore Patrol units in various Naval commands. Army and Marine military police units have been trained in the use of CAP-STUN® in several special sessions conducted at the Ft. MaClellan training facility. Primary US military police trainers, stationed throughout the world, participated in the training sessions conducted by ZARC®‘s Director of Training. Additional military training sessions have been held at Miramar Naval Air Station, Travis Air Force Base, Andrews Air Force Base, and at the Defense Logistics Agency’s training facility at Ft. Belvoir.

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CAP-STUN® in U.S. Law Enforcement

CAP-STUN® founded Oleoresin Capsicum weapon technology in 1982. The success and recognition of CAP-STUN® by law-enforcement and its increasing demand created the pepper aerosol market. CAP-STUN® has been labeled by law enforcement agencies, as one of the most important developments in law enforcement in years.

CAP-STUN®‘s unique formulation and unmatched high performance record have been invaluable assets to law enforcement. Many incidents that previously would have led to violence have been prevented by the use of CAP-STUN® with a resulting decrease in injuries to subjects and officers and a reduction in civil litigation.

Testament to the ZARC’s superior and reliable technology is that CAP-STUN® in fact has become the government standard with the US federal customers including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), U.S. Marshals Service, U.S. Border Patrol, U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and the U.S. Park Police.

CAP-STUN® is currently used by more than 3,000 U.S. Law Enforcement agencies across the United States, including Hawaii and Alaska. Federal agencies procure CAP-STUN® via various contracts including one with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and another with U.S. Marshal Service, which enables purchasing from U.S. Department of Justice, Treasury and Interior.

CAP-STUN® users are varied and spreads over a large spectrum of law enforcement including, Municipal, County, Sheriffs, Transit, State, Corrections, Probation, Courts, National Parks, and intelligence agencies.

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CAP-STUN® International Markets< class="mainTitle">

CAP-STUN® founded the Oleoresin Capsicum weapon technology in 1982. The success and recognition of CAP-STUN® by law-enforcement and its increasing demand created the pepper aerosol market. CAP-STUN® has been labeled by law enforcement agencies as one of the most important developments in law enforcement in years.

The use of CAP-STUN® by law enforcement and military is expanding rapidly in the international markets. ZARC® has an extensive international department with a highly efficient technical and customer support team. A variety of literature and ZARC’s WEB site are available in multiple languages. ZARC’s two million square feet distribution and warehousing facility exports specially packed cargo to all locations around the globe.

Professional local representatives of ZARC are available worldwide, including Europe, Asia, South America, Africa and other regions. These highly trained agents and distributors provide immediate response and assistance for local governments and private security organizations.

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CAP-STUN® in Commercial Security

While security has long been an important issue among private business, it is getting increasing attention because of worldwide incidents such as the bombings at the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, the World Trade Center in New York and Centennial Village at the 1996 Olympics. Well-known incidents of employee violence have also accentuated this concern.

CAP-STUN® users are rapidly increasing in the commercial security market, due to ever increasing need for protection of facility and personnel and the exclusive acceptance and endorsement of CAP-STUN by US Federal Law Enforcement agencies.

CAP-STUN® is now stockpiled by a number of large institutions throughout the U.S. Most companies stock the product for potential and unforeseen security requirements and for protection of their personnel and facility. These include, Hospitals, Mental Health Institutes, Public Utilities Companies, Nuclear Power Plants, Manufacturing Companies, Commercial Security Agencies, Private Security Services, Detective Services, Hotels, Casinos, Banks, Cruise Ships, and protection of wealthy and high profile individuals.

CAP-STUN® commercial security users are diverse and include: The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Hilton Hotel Security, Chicago White Sox Security, Acme Steel Company, U.S. Surgical Corporation, Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Burns International Security Services, Vance International, and Wackenhut Corporation.

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CAP-STUN’s Dependable Aerosol Delivery System

There are numerous aerosol components used in the pepper aerosol clone industry. There are those who have chosen off-the-shelf componentry without criteria for compatibility with solvents or propellants, as well as specifications for use as a Less-Than-Lethal weapon. Agencies will find that such products misfire, leak, and undergo drastic performance changes.

The choice of compatible solvent/propellants and componentry is crucial. Some solvents may remove the oxide coating over the aluminum and allow direct reaction with the aluminum canister. This reaction dissolves aluminum into a salt in due time. The presence of Chloride will increase this corrosion. Therefore, if such a canister is sprayed at an assailant, aluminum salt is also delivered through the route of inhalation into the lungs and deposited on the tissue of the eye.

CAP-STUN componentry is carefully chosen for optimum performance as a Less-Than-Lethal weapon. Effectiveness of CAP-STUN Aerosol Delivery Systems (over and above formulation) depends on:

  • NFR: Nozzle flow rate, or the rate of grams of chemicals evacuated per one- second burst. CAP-STUN models have a devastating 0.36 - 0.50 grams level of NFR.
  • VMD: Volume Median Diameter or the size of airborne droplets. CAP-STUN’s VMD is designed to attach to the mucous membranes. CAP-STUN is drastically different in VMD from other pepper extract aerosols.
  • Constant Pressure: CAP-STUN’s Aerosol Delivery System maintains a constant pressure in the can until the entire contents are expelled. This results in the last shot having the same range and impact as the first. For example, CO2/Nitrogen will rapidly lose pressure. CO2/Nitrogen products may seem to operate properly with the first few bursts, but then a rapid decline in distance is likely to occur.
  • Angled Operation: CAP-STUN’s Aerosol Delivery System allows proper operation of the unit in horizontal as well as vertical positions. Officers may find themselves in tactical situations that require application in positions other than vertical. (For example, after several shots from a horizontal position, CO2/Nitrogen products are not likely to operate properly in a horizontal position.)

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Expert, Sophisticated Manufacturing

CAP-STUN products are filled by the most advanced high speed machinery at a one million square-foot factory in the U.S.A. Procurement is made from rigid specifications. All parts are tested upon receipt and prior to use for compliance with strict specifications.

CAP-STUN uses a manufacturing facility with a production capacity of 600 units per minute, or 100 million units annually on one production line. Facilities are staffed by more than 600 well trained employees with the highest regard for safety, quality, and professionalism.

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CAP-STUN’s INGREDIENTS ARE SAFE! No Adverse Health Effects

CAP-STUN has demonstrated no potential for long-term adverse health consequences in thousands of field uses. It contains the same alcohol (Isopropyl / Rubbing Alcohol) present in perfumes and after shaves. CAP-STUN has no long-lasting side effects or aftereffects.

  • In over 10 years of field experience, there has not been a single substantiated instance of adverse reaction to CAP-STUN by any subject with respiratory illnesses, heart problems, or poor reflexes.
  • Spraying CAP-STUN directly at a subject will neither cause permanent eye damage (unlike stream spray pattern OC’s) nor respiratory system damage, nor skin depigmentation.

CAP-STUN has undergone extensive toxicological testing:

  • Primary Skin Irritation Test: To determine the degree of skin irritation or damage. Beyond usual dermal irritation, CAP-STUN does not damage the skin.
  • Guinea Pig Skin Sensitization Test: To determine any possibility of "Allergy" with the test material. CAP-STUN is not a skin sensitizing or allergenic agent.
  • Eye Irritation Test: To evaluate the potential of a test article to induce eye irritation or corrosion. Beyond short-term eye irritation, CAP-STUN does not cause eye damage.
  • Acute Inhalation Toxicity (LC50) Test: To determine any toxicity level through the inhalation route of exposure. When tested, CAP-STUN’s formulation was not found to be toxic to test animals when they were exposed to a concentration of 56.3 mg/1, which is also the maximum and highest concentration that could be generated in the test system. Therefore the LC50 for CAP-STUN is far beyond 56,300 mg/m3 and no toxicity could be found at this maximum level.

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CAP-STUN’s Easy Decontamination

CAP-STUN’s formulation is not a particulate. It is "biodegradable" and does not require any special decontamination procedure. Normal ventilation will remove the CAP-STUN spray from the environment within 45 minutes.

This is a breakthrough in the chemical agent decontamination process as it eliminates the necessity of contracting with professional firms specializing in decontamination procedures. Savings in insurance can also be obtained since most insurance companies are aware of the serious and costly decontamination problems involving tear gas agents.

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CAP-STUN’s Unique Performance on REMS

CAP-STUN has clearly demonstrated its remarkable ability to instantly render aggressors incapable of resisting arrest or further violence for up to 45 minutes — with no harmful aftereffects. It stops the toughest attackers — even those who are emotionally disturbed or violent due to alcohol or drugs.

When applied properly, CAP-STUN has a devastating effect on the subject, regardless of emotional state or intoxication level. CAP-STUN causes the mucous membranes to swell (inflammation), producing an immediately compliant subject. CAP-STUN instantly incapacitates (rendering the subject incapable of resisting arrest and prevents aggressive behavior) and upon contact:

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REMS

Respiratory: causes uncontrollable coughing and gasping for breath
Eyes: forces the eyes to close immediately
Motor Control: causes loss of body motor control, immobilizing an attacker immediately.
Skin/Mucous Membranes: creates an intense burning sensation of the skin

All four of these effects are necessary to render a subject incapable of resisting arrest or further aggressive behavior. While the pepper clones may produce one or more of these effects, only CAP-STUN produces all four — consistently.

There are many reasons why CAP-STUN has repeatedly and consistently proven to be highly effective in actual field use — even under extremely challenging circumstances. One of the reasons is the performance CAP-STUN obtains from its proprietary mixture of Capsaicinoids. Capsaicinoids are the five related compounds produced by the pepper glands at the juncture of the placenta and the pod wall. Each capsaicinoid level in the CAP-STUN formulation is carefully measured to produce a specific physiological effect. For example, Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide C18H27NO3), produces burning sensations, blepharospasm (twitching of the eye lid), and involuntary eye closing.

Several other ingredients in CAP-STUN directly regulate the effectiveness of the weapon. One such ingredient is the pigment or the "Carotinoid" also called "Capsanthin" with a molecular formula of C40H56O3, and systematic name of (3R,3’S,5’R)-3,3'-Dihydroxy-ß,k-caroten-6'-one. Capsanthin has a molecular weight of 584.85. "Capsanthin", is the sticky substance that causes capsaicinoids to cling to mucous membranes. Capsanthin’s sticky nature can facilitate attaching the capsaicin to the mucus membranes and intensifying the degree of incapacitation.

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When to Replace Your CAP-STUN Product

For your convienence we have placed a content level indicator on the canister that will determine the amount of formulation left in your CAP-STUN model:
Fill a glass more than half full with water.

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  1. Fill a glass more than half full with water.

  2. Place the unit inside the glass, bottom down.

  3. Gently and loosely hold and steady the unit upright inside the water, to prevent toppling. Do not push the canister into the water; let it naturally float.

  4. Observe the water line in comparison with the level indicator on the canister label. If the water line is near "Replace," immediately reorder your unit — don’t take a chance!

  5. Remove from glass and shake out excess water.

 

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